|
The Tour de Mortella ((コルシカ語:Torra di Mortella)) is a ruined Genoese tower on the French island of Corsica, located on the coast near Punta Mortella (Myrtle Point) in the commune of Saint-Florent, Haute-Corse. It was a progenitor of the numerous Martello towers the British built in the 19th century throughout their empire. The Italian architect Giovan Giacomo Paleari Fratino designed the Mortella tower, while Colonel Giorgio Doria directed the construction between 1563 and 1564. It was one of a series of coastal defences the Republic of Genoa constructed between 1530 and 1620 to stem attacks by Barbary pirates. On 7 February 1794, two British warships, (74 guns) and (32 guns), unsuccessfully attacked the tower at Mortella Point; the tower eventually fell to land-based forces under Major-General David Dundas and Lieutenant-General John Moore after two days of heavy fighting. Late in the previous year, the tower's French defenders had abandoned it after (32 guns) had fired two broadsides at it. Then the French were easily able to dislodge the garrison of Corsican patriots that had replaced them. Still, the British were impressed by the effectiveness of the tower when properly supplied and defended and copied the design. However, they got the name wrong, misspelling "Mortella" as "Martello". When the British withdrew from Corsica in 1796, they blew up the tower, leaving it in an unusable state. The ruined tower was listed as one of the official Historical Monuments of France in 1991.〔 The database incorrectly gives the date of construction as 1553-1554. This earlier date is when Spanish and Genoese troops led by Admiral Andrea Doria besieged the French forces occupying the port of Saint-Florent after the Franco-Turkish invasion of the island.〕 Since 1980 the French government agency the ''Conservatoire du littoral'' has owned and maintained the site. The ''Conservatoire'' plans to purchase of the surrounding coastline and as of 2011 had acquired . ==Notes and references== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tour de Mortella」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|